![]() Clinicians will determine the optimum value range for each patient. Warfarin is monitored using the INR – international normalized ratio.When we talk about warfarin pharmacology, we must consider the following factors: Warfarin necrosis – most associated with patients who have a deficiency of protein C.Purple toe syndrome – due to cholesterol deposits breaking loose and causing embolisms in the lower extremities.Other adverse effects of warfarin include: Rarely, warfarin can cause severe bleeding abnormalities such as retroperitoneal hemorrhage. In other words, a small dose change can cause an enormous difference – including an increased risk of bleeding.įurthermore, warfarin increases bleeding risk in patients with underlying conditions – for example, in patients with established peptic ulcer disease, or in patients who have experienced some form of physical trauma. Warfarin is a narrow therapeutic index drug – meaning that the difference between therapeutic and toxic doses is narrow. The primary side effect of warfarin is bleeding. Warfarin inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase, preventing reactivation of vitamin K and the synthesis of pro-clotting coagulation factors. An enzyme – vitamin K epoxide reductase – then reactivates that oxidized vitamin K. During the synthetic process, warfarin is oxidized. To synthesize these clotting factors, vitamin K must be in its reduced form. Warfarin works by inhibiting the hepatic production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors and cofactors. Instead, antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin and clopidogrel are used to prevent MI. Warfarin is not used to prevent myocardial infarction because this is caused by platelet aggregation. Prophylaxis of embolic complications in patients after heart valve replacement.Prophylaxis of embolic complications in patients with atrial fibrillation, for example – reducing the risk of stroke.Together, these conditions are referred to as venous thromboembolism (VTE). To prevent clot extension and recurrence in patients with DVT, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism.Warfarin is used for the following indications: Warfarin takes its name from the acronym WARF – the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation – which helped develop the medicine and -arin, after coumarin, the chemical class to which warfarin belongs. Warfarin was first approved for medical use in the United States in 1954. Warfarin is now one of the go-to medicines for patients with thrombosis. This anticoagulant effect was then harnessed for medicinal purposes. Warfarin (sold under Coumadin and others) was originally used as rat poison, where it caused internal bleeding and death. Here, we review the facts about warfarin pharmacology that you need to know. Warfarin is one of the most widely prescribed drugs an important medicine in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and for the prevention of embolic complications.
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